What makes a strong password?

A strong password is one that is difficult for both humans to guess and automated computer programs to crack. Here are the key principles for creating one:

• Length is key: Aim for at least 12 to 16 characters. Longer passwords are significantly harder to "brute force" (a method where computers guess every possible combination).
• Use a mix of characters: Combine uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols (like !, @, #, $, %).
• Avoid patterns: Do not use sequential numbers (123456), common keyboard patterns (qwerty), or predictable information like your name, birthday, pet’s name, or "password."
• Use unique passwords: Never reuse the same password across multiple sites. If one site gets hacked, attackers will immediately try that same password on your email, banking, and social media accounts.
• Consider a passphrase: A long string of random, unrelated words can be very effective and easier to remember. For example, Purple-Elephant-Coffee-32 is much stronger and more memorable than a complex string like P5x#9kL.

The best tool for the job: Password Managers Because it is nearly impossible to remember dozens of long, unique passwords, I recommend using a password manager (like Bitwarden, 1Password, or the built-in managers in iOS and Chrome).

These tools do two things for you:

1. They generate and store extremely strong, random passwords for every account.
2. They remember them for you, so you only have to memorize one strong "master password" to unlock the manager itself.

Pro-tip: If a service offers Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) or Two-Factor Authentication (2FA), always turn it on. It provides a vital second layer of security by requiring a code from your phone or an app in addition to your password.