what is existentialism?

Existentialism is a philosophical movement that centers on the individual's experience of existing in a world that lacks inherent, objective meaning or a pre-determined purpose.

At its core, it emphasizes several key themes:

• Existence precedes essence: Existentialists generally argue that humans are born first (existence) and must then define their own nature, values, and purpose (essence) through their choices and actions. We are not born with a "blueprint" or a set destiny.
• Freedom and Responsibility: Because there is no external script to follow, individuals are radically free. However, this freedom comes with the heavy burden of total responsibility for one’s choices and their consequences.
• The Absurd: This refers to the conflict between the human tendency to seek inherent value and meaning in life and the "silent," indifferent universe that offers none. Existentialists explore how we live with the tension of this realization.
• Authenticity: A major goal in existentialist thought is living authentically—that is, making choices that are truly one's own, rather than conforming to societal pressures, expectations, or "bad faith" (a term often used to describe deceiving oneself to avoid the anxiety of freedom).
• Subjectivity: The philosophy prioritizes the individual’s lived, subjective experience over abstract, objective systems of thought.

In short, existentialism is a philosophy of action and personal accountability. It posits that while the world may be indifferent or "absurd," each person has the power—and the obligation—to create their own meaning.