What is degenerative myelopathy in German Shepherds?

Degenerative myelopathy (DM) in German Shepherds is a progressive, incurable neurological disease that affects the spinal cord. It is often compared to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) in humans.

Here is a breakdown of what happens:

• How it starts: The disease causes a slow degradation of the white matter in the spinal cord, which is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the limbs.
• Physical symptoms: It typically begins in the hind limbs. You might notice your dog "knuckling" (dragging their toes), wobbling while walking, or showing general weakness in the back legs. Because the condition is not painful, dogs often remain alert and happy in the early stages, even as their mobility declines.
• Progression: Over several months to a year, the weakness progresses. Eventually, it leads to paralysis of the hindquarters and can eventually affect the front limbs and the muscles responsible for breathing.
• Cause: It is a genetic condition linked to a mutation in the SOD1 gene. German Shepherds are one of the breeds most frequently predisposed to this mutation.
• Diagnosis and care: There is no cure for DM. Diagnosis is often reached by ruling out other causes of mobility issues, such as intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) or arthritis, through MRIs or physical exams. While you cannot stop the progression, care focuses on physical therapy, mobility aids (like harnesses or wheelchairs), and keeping the dog’s environment safe to prevent injury from falls.

If you suspect your German Shepherd is showing signs of weakness or coordination issues, it is very important to consult your veterinarian. While DM is a possibility, other conditions like arthritis or nerve compression are also common in the breed and, unlike DM, many of those can be treated or managed effectively.