What is a perovskite solar cell?

A perovskite solar cell is a type of solar technology that uses a specific crystal structure—known as a "perovskite"—to absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.

Here are a few key points about them:

• The Material: The term "perovskite" doesn't refer to a single specific element, but rather to any material that shares the same crystal structure as the mineral calcium titanate. In solar cells, researchers typically use synthetic perovskite materials, often involving a mix of organic and inorganic compounds.
• Efficiency: These cells have seen a rapid rise in efficiency since they were first used for solar energy in 2009. They can now reach performance levels comparable to traditional silicon-based panels, which have been developed for decades.
• Manufacturing: They are generally cheaper and easier to manufacture than silicon cells. They can be produced using liquid-based "printing" or coating processes, which require less energy and can potentially be applied to flexible surfaces.
• Challenges: The main hurdle currently facing perovskite solar cells is long-term durability. The materials can be sensitive to moisture, heat, and air, meaning they tend to degrade faster than conventional silicon panels, which are known for lasting 25 years or more.

Researchers are currently working on ways to stabilize these materials and combine them with silicon to create "tandem cells," which can capture a broader spectrum of sunlight than either material could on its own.